所谓幸福感,它的来源可以是外在的某种成功和收获,更多的却是自己内心的体验,是由成就感、满足感、愉悦感交织的一种高峰体验。 工作中有幸福感吗? 对大多数人而言,工作不仅意味着付出时间和精力,得到价值感和薪水,还有压力、厌倦等困扰。“工作中的幸福感”对许多人来说有点儿奢侈。 是谁偷走了我们的工作幸福?找到不幸福的理由,也许就找到了通往幸福的捷径。
偷走幸福感的1号大盗——竞争
竞争,是职场幸福感的头号杀手。同事之间为利益、职位而争是正常的。职场如战场,只有胜出者才能占领制高点,拥有更多的话语权以及现实利益。在企业管理中甚至有一条潜规则,如果一个单位太一团和气,员工之间太相安无事,领导反而会觉得没有生机,于是,会招募新的员工或者派来空降兵,以其“鲇鱼效应”搅动过于稳定的局面,引发彼此间的竞争。
职场上的竞争虽然不见刀光剑影,不见弥漫的硝烟,但是为了胜出,往往有人会不择手段,在能力以及业绩之外,更用上种种独门暗器,比如中伤,背后拆台,甚至揭其隐私,导致职场人丧失幸福感。
对症下药
诊断:一分为二地认识竞争。在良性的工作环境里,每个人都有明确的职责,员工各司其职,不需要无谓的竞争。但是,老板需要用竞争促进员工发挥潜能,员工也要在竞争中表现自己强势的一面。
药方:一方面要迎接挑战直面竞争;另一方面,该超脱时要超脱。身为职业经理人的孙悦说,竞争并非想像的那么可怕。她对于竞争从不畏惧,因为不怕输。职场没有永远的输家,从自己的竞争对手身上学习长处,让自己变强。孙悦最好的放松办法是,在感觉累的时候放慢工作节奏,转移注意力。这让她既有工作业绩,又有人气。工作对于她成为一件开心的事。
偷走幸福感的2号大盗——高强度工作
高强度工作是随着竞争而产生的。很多人承担正常负荷外的工作,只有做得多,才能体现业绩,才能成为老板欣赏的员工,成为岗位上无可替代的人。因为高强度的工作,员工过劳死、过劳伤事件时有出现,职业病、亚健康状态成为职业人士最大的健康隐患。
对症下药 诊断:要认清一个真实而且残酷的现实,在职场上,除老板和极个别人之外,多数人都并非不可替代。认识了这一点之后,不再被工作“绑架”。
药方:
● 懂得适可而止,对不合理的要求学会说“不”。经常主动跟上级沟通,让他了解你的工作负荷,避免因不了解而不断地给你加压。
● 对自己有知足以及接纳的态度。力所能及做好每一件事,并犒劳自己,尤其一单业务结束,和同事相聚庆祝,强化了成就感,对后面的工作也更充满期待和信心。不过于好强,某一单业务实在做不来的,可以向同事请教求助,或者干脆让给别人去做,不要打肿脸充胖子。
偷走幸福感的3号大盗——厌倦
这是在日复一日的工作中最容易出现的一种心理现象。随着熟练程度的增加,工作于你不再是挑战,更多的是一种简单重复,厌倦感油然而生。 对症下药 诊断:重要的是避免误区——有比这更有意思的工作。 任何职业本身都无所谓有趣或者乏味,有趣与否在于你对它的理解和态度。摆脱厌倦首先要在工作中找到自己的位置,发挥你的创造性。我们总能在工作中变得更聪明,发现更有效率的方法,把事情做得更漂亮。 药方:当你感到厌倦时不妨检讨一下自己,究竟是工作没有给你新鲜感,还是你在日复一日的工作中产生了不自觉的惰性,对自己的要求日渐降低。学无止境,工作也一样。创新的人和墨守成规的人,其实都处在同样的工作环境中,但她们的应对方式不同,结果就不同。其实从大一点讲,人生难道不就是一个不断与厌倦作斗争的过程吗?厌倦的时候,就在工作中去寻找新的兴奋点吧。
偷走幸福感的4号大盗——低薪
低薪是相对的。相对的标准,一是同城同类工作同一岗位;一是自己的心里预期。如果是前者,可以考虑换工;如果是后者,就得调整自己的心态。
对症下药
诊断:每个单位都有各自的薪酬标准,提薪的最好方式是以业绩说话。所以,在薪酬问题上,个人往往没有太多的发言权。唯一能做的是,在进公司前,尽可能了解自己对于薪水的期待与单位能提供的薪酬是否匹配。进了公司之后,你要了解的是当初的承诺能否兑现,自己的付出与收入是否匹配。
药方:
● 辞职。当薪水低到你觉得自己的工作价值被严重低估,低到让你实在无法接受的时候,辞职恐怕是你的选择。
● 调整心态。如果还没有到这个程度,而你又总是为低薪而苦恼的时候,不妨想一想,这份工在薪水之外,还给你提供了其他机会没有?比如个人成长的空间、学习与提高的机会、事业发展的平台、大大小小的福利。
偷走幸福感的5号大盗——紧张的人际关系
人是社会的动物,有人的地方就有政治,也就有相关的帮派、小团体,由此往往产生摩擦,引发对立情绪以及若有似无的紧张感。 对症下药 诊断:职场上,首先是做好工作,然后才是人际关系。一个过于看重人际关系的人,或者一个只有人际关系没有工作实力的人,往往只得到一个“老好人”或者“精角”的称谓,在裁员或人事调整时,最容易成为刀下鬼。 药方:要在工作中不为人际关系而苦恼,首先当然是摆正心态,与同事多合作。另外,做一个轻松开心容易相处的人,在个性之外,也有一些小技巧,比如准备一些段子与同事交流,制造一点“开心一刻”。
偷走幸福感的6号大盗——过于嘈杂的工作环境
喜欢工作,却又觉得工作环境不够好。过于遥远的上班路途,过于嘈杂的工作环境,格子间一览无余没有个人空间,有人大声喧哗言语粗俗……都会影响我们对于工作的感受。 对症下药 诊断:工作不是休闲娱乐场所,一个专注地投入手头工作的人,不会计较自己所处的工作场所是否幽静,是否有个人空间。很多公司的业务员甚至都没有自己的桌子,但他们一样可以工作。 药方:可以用心把自己的格子间收拾得温馨可人,比如买一个心仪很久的漂亮水杯,使用别致好看的文具,贴上一两张有趣的贴画,摆一两盆绿色植物,变换电脑屏保。这样的办公桌很有个人氛围,会使你的情绪放松下来。
偷走幸福感的7号大盗——严格的考勤制度
你们坐班吗?你们考勤打得严吗?这是上班族通常会问到的话题。如果不坐班,如果打卡机不那么无情,就觉得是单位的福利,个人相对自由很多。
对症下药
诊断:为考勤制度苦恼的人,往往是心向自由,但又放弃不了单位那种旱涝保收、到期领薪的安稳日子的人。我们需要的是和现实妥协,我们不可能同时拥有一切。既然老板给了这份薪水,他就收买了你的工作时间,你就必须敬业地朝九晚五。如果你希望承担更多的责任,毫无疑问,同时就会丧失更多的闲暇时间。
药方:放弃鱼和熊掌兼得的想法,平和地抛开一部分欲求,才不会经常有挫折感。不妨学习一些在工作中保持相对自由的技巧。比如,实在是觉得脑袋里一片糨糊时,可以溜班中途跑出去,喝一杯咖啡,或者与朋友小聚,忙里偷闲,心情也许会豁然开朗。
有一则小故事:两个建筑工人在砌墙。某人问,你们在做什么?甲工人说,我在打工挣钱;乙工人说,我在给孩子们做一间将来他们读书的教室。想一想,谁会在工作中更有幸福感?当然是后者。同样的工作,在甲工人看,是枯燥单调的,更计较得失;在乙工人那里,却是一件美好的事,这激励了他,赋与了工作以一种意义。所以,工作可以是幸福的,这不仅仅决定于客观环境,更决定于一个人积极开朗的心态。
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Monday, December 1, 2008
Hedge Fund Manager Hendry Bets on Deflation With U.K. War Loans
Dec. 1 (Bloomberg) -- Hugh Hendry, who oversees about $500 million as co-founder of Ecletica Asset Management in London, said he’s buying World War I debt on the bet the U.K. is due for its worst round of deflation since the Great Depression.
The gilts, known as perpetuals because they have no maturity date, have a coupon of 3.5 percent compared with the U.K.’s 4.5 percent inflation rate. Investors hold about 1.9 billion pounds ($2.9 billion) of the securities that still pay interest 90 years after the end of the Great War, according to the U.K.’s Debt Management Office.
“If you have a deflationary shock, the only instrument that will perform will be government debt,” said Hendry, 39, whose Eclectica Fund returned 38 percent this year, putting it in the top 1 percent of 1,817 funds tracked by Bloomberg. “Inflation is going to be back some day. But forget the next 12 years; it’s the next 12 months that matter.”
The Bank of England lowered its benchmark interest rate by 150 basis points last month, its biggest move in 16 years, as the credit crisis pushes the country’s economy into recession. Governor Mervyn King told lawmakers last week that failure to get banks lending again could raise the risk of deflation. As interest rates drop and investors shun risk, even government debt with a low coupon will rise in value, Hendry said.
The five-year breakeven rate, a gauge of inflation expectations as measured by the difference in yield between regular bonds and index-linked debt, has been negative for more than month, suggesting investors are betting a recession will lead to deflation. The gauge fell to minus 102 basis points today; it was at positive 105 basis points at the start of last month.
‘Jolly Long Bond’
The “Jolly Long Bond,” as Hendry calls the war loan, will be the most reactive to deflation because not having a maturity means it has long duration, said Charles Diebel, head of European interest-rate strategy at Nomura International Plc in London. A bond with a higher duration will increase more in value than one with a shorter duration for a given decline in yield.
“His philosophy behind it makes a lot of sense,” Diebel said. “If you have an extended period of time where inflation is not a problem, you get no yield at the front end of the curve and people will be forced out the yield curve. You can’t be forced out further on the yield curve than a perpetual.”
A yield curve is a chart of yields on bonds of a range of maturities. Longer-dated bonds typically yield more than shorter- dated notes to compensate investors for the risk of holding them over time.
The bonds trade so infrequently Hendry said he bought them for his personal account, rather than for the funds he manages.
“You’d become a bit of a hostage” by holding too much of a rarely traded bond like the perpetual, he said. “Managing a hedge fund means reserving the right to change your mind all the time.”
The biggest risk to the investment is inflation, which Hendry said ultimately will return because of the actions policymakers are taking today to thaw credit markets.
‘Help Your Country’
The U.K. government sold the perpetual in 1917, as British forces deployed tanks at the Battle of Cambrai, to repay loans it had sold since the conflict started in 1914. It marketed the debt with advertisements playing on patriotic sentiment.
“If you cannot fight, you can help your country by investing all you can in 5 percent exchequer bonds,” the advertisements said, according to an account in “The Financiers and the Nation,” by Thomas Johnston. “Unlike the soldier, the investor runs no risk.”
The 1917 notes were first sold with a coupon of 5 percent, a rate Prime Minister Lloyd George regarded as “penal,” according to Johnston’s book, first published in 1934 and republished by Ossian Publishers Ltd. in 1994. Neville Chamberlain, then Chancellor of the Exchequer, cut the coupon payment to 3.5 percent in 1932, where it has remained ever since.
The U.K. is unlikely to call the debt or retire it early because it would have to buy the bonds back at par, Hendry added. The gilts trade at about 78 pence today.
“The vast majority of this is locked up with retail investors,” said Diebel. Were the government to call the loans “they would be taking it away from households, rather than banks,” he added.
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